Torture in Guantanamo Bay free essay sample

Torture in Guantanamo Bay Mohamed al-Kahtani was a prisoner at Guantanamo Bay who endured numerous disgusting and truly horrifying acts of torture. Being seduced by prostitutes and female officers, told to act like a dog and forced to crawl on his hands and feet while barking, and forced to urinate himself are just a few examples of the type of life prisoner’s at Guantanamo Bay are living. They are held in solitary confinement, while all day and night their lights in the rooms are kept on. Each day prisoner’s are tortured. Whether it is psychical or emotional torture, it is occurring all round the camp. Prisoner’s being tied down and forced to listen to extremely loud rock music for and extended period of time is one of the tactics used to break down an individual emotionally, to make sure they are completely cooperative and under the control of the officers. We will write a custom essay sample on Torture in Guantanamo Bay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With all of this going on, with numerous reports of abuse from the Red Cross, the United States Government continues to argue against the fact that it is occurring. Their constant claims of no abuse are eerily similar to The Party in George Orwell’s novel 1984. They tell the public one thing, and they all believe that it is true without question. The use of double-think, as it is called, is not the only thing consistent with the novel In the Guantanamo Bay detention center, torture and psychological warfare are used to break down the will of prisoner’s to put them under complete control of the officers of the camp, which is very similar to the torture described in the novel 1984. In an examination of Guantanamo Bay, the Red Cross found many signs of abuse and torture along with psychological harm done to the prisoner’s. The officials used different types of torture, all of which are extremely dangerous as well as effective. If a detainee is uncooperative, they loose their usual freedoms. They are denied use of the lavatories, and are forced to urinate and defecate themselves. One detainee told the officials the truth about him not being at a meeting with Osama bin Laden, and because his answer was unsatisfactory, he was forced to urinate himself. Prisoners are also shackled to the floor during interrogations and interviews so they cannot pose a threat. There are also numerous incidents reported involving beatings of the detainees. They are beaten if they do not cooperate or if their answers are not what the officials want to hear. Because of the beatings, many detainees confess to crimes they did not even partake in. The ones who cooperate are given a lot more luxury than those who do not. The detainees who are either new or uncooperative wear orange jumpsuits, while the others who do cooperate or given white cotton clothing. The beatings grew less frequent, and became mainly a threat, a horror to which he could be sent back at any moment when his answers were unsatisfactory. His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles, who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch. These other questioners saw to it that he was in constant slight pain, but it was not chiefly pain that they relied on. They slapped his face, wrung his ears, pulled his hair, made him stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning. Their real weapon was the merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up, laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame as from nervous fatigue. (Page 264, Part 3, Chapter 2). †We have beaten you, Winston. We have broken you up. You have seen what your body is like. Your mind is in the same state. I do not think there can be much pride left in you. You have been kicked and flogged and insulted, you have screamed with pain, you have rolled on the floor in your own blood and vomit. You have whimpered for mercy, you have betrayed everybody and everything. Can you think of a single degradation that has not happened to you? †(Part 3, Chapter 3). Just like in the novel, the official’s beat and torture the prisoner’s until they just completely give up, and confess to whatever they are told to. Winston is tortured until he can take no more, and confess to acts he had no idea even happened. â€Å"Never again will you be capable of ordinary human feeling. Everything will be dead inside of you. Never again will you be capable of love, or friendship, or joy of living, or laughter, or curiosity, or courage, or integrity. You will be hollow. We shall squeeze you empty and than we shall fill you with ourselves. A major part of the process of breaking one’s will down is attacking their mental state. Psychological warfare plays a huge part in the torture being done at Guantanamo. The lights are kept on all day and night, confusing the detainees. This can confuse them and allows them to loose track of time very easily. They are also strapped down, and forced to listen to loud rock music while the lights flicker. Ver bal abuse is also used, detainees are told they are worthless, dogs have more social status then them, and their religions are attacked in order to agitate them. Officials prevent revolts and gangs by monitoring them, as well as not allowing them to speak in groups of more than three. Just like the reason for the beatings, the use of this type of torture is to break down the detainees will. Once they are mentally and psychically abused, they have no choice but to accept whatever they are being told. The use of this kind of torture is devastating to the psychical and mental health of the people in the camp. The reason the abuse has been able to continue is because of the confidentiality used, and we now know of the abuse because of interviews and examinations. The only people who know of the true chilling details are the commander of the bay, and the people who work for him. Lawyers who come to visit and talk to the prisoner’s are under strict orders. They cannot repeat or hint at anything they see taking place at Guantanamo, and because of that no one knows what truly occurs. To make matters worse, the U. S. Government claims that there is no abuse being held at the center. Whenever another rumor springs up, they are quick to get out and shoot it down. Talking about what goes on does happen though. The only time it does is when personal involved in the bay are there. In the novel, Orwell says, â€Å"If the Party could thrust its hand into the past and say this or that even, it never happened- that, surely, was more terrifying than mere torture and death†- (page 32, book 1, chapter 3). That quote shows how terrifying it is to know that the government can say something never happened, and the public believing everything they say. This privacy and power are what allows the U. S. , as well as The Party, to continue on with what they do without being able to be stopped. Just like in the novel, only the Inner Party members know of the true details of Room 101, as well as the ministries. The only reason we know of what goes on at Guantanamo is because of inspections, and mostly interviews with released detainees from the camp. Most detainees do not speak of what happened, but thankfully a few have. One such person is Mohamed al-Kahtani. He has reported that prostitutes have been brought in to seduce Muslims, as well as female officers. He spoke about the officials bringing in a dog to show how obedient and loyal it is. They told him that he needs to be like the canine, and made him bark to crawl around so he can â€Å"raise his social status†. Another helpful person was Shafiq Rasul, who after three month’s at Guatanamo was charged with the 9/11 planning. They accused him of meeting with Osama bin Laden due to the fact a man standing behind bin Laden resembled him. After telling them the truth that it was not he, the torture began. After months of abuse, he finally gave in and falsely admitted to being at the meeting. We know of all this because of the detainees telling us first hand experience. The only reason we know of what goes on in Room 101 is because of Winston telling us. If it wasn’t for the detainees and Winston, we would not know for sure what takes place in Room 101 and Guatanamo Bay. Although one is a novel and the other is a military camp, they both contain extremely dangerous characteristics. Guantanamo Bay is basically the real life Oceania for people under suspicion of terrorism. The use of torture, psychological attacks, and breaking down a prisoner’s will are all similar to the novel. Even the small details of not being allowed to urinate and keeping the lights on all day are the same as the novel. Not only torture, but the secrecy of the whole operation is exactly the same as 1984. Keeping it within the Bay is the same as the Party keeping it within the Party. The prisoner’s of both Oceania and Guantanamo never know how long they will be kept, or what is going to happen to them. The use of torture is sickening and very much inhumane. But even so, it is one of the most effective ways to get someone to talk. In both Oceania and Guantanamo Bay, torture is used to break down one’s will in order for complete obedience.

Managerial Finance essayEssay Writing Service

Managerial Finance essayEssay Writing Service Managerial Finance essay Managerial Finance essayIn actuality, the activity based costing is one of the widely-spread accounting methods. At the same time, in spite of its popularity, this method still evokes criticism from the part of opponents of this method, who believe the activity based costing to be unreliable accounting method. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the application of the activity based costing in the accounting depends on the nature of business and organisations. At any rate, the empirical study shows that the activity based accounting may be successfully applied in some organisations, although it may fail in others. Therefore, the activity based costing is applicable but its efficiency differs depending on the particular organisation, the essence of its business, industry, business environment and other factors that may affect the efficiency of the activity based costing.In its essence, the activity based costing (ABC) is the accounting method that involves the assessment of activities performed by a company and on the ground of such assessment indirect costs are assigned to products of the company. In such a way, companies conduct the assessment of their indirect costs on the ground of the analysis of costs of different activities which are directly or indirectly related to the production of certain products or services. As a result, the ABC involves the analysis of all activities within the organisation that ultimately affect the costs of the production of the organisation.At the same time, it is worth mentioning the fact that the analysis of all costs implies the analysis of all activities, which is not always directly related to the production process or manufacturing of particular products. The ABC orients on activities of organisations and their costs rather than on the direct costs of certain products or costs of their production. In such a way, ABC method uses the indirect analysis of costs of products or, to put it more precisely, it involves the analysi s of indirect costs of products and their production.The major advantage of the ABC method is the recognition of the close relationships between costs, activities and products. In such a way, the revelation of indirect costs with the help of ABC can help to assess indirect costs related to specific products. The analysis of indirect costs is very important for organisations, especially in case of companies that have a complex organisational structure, such as multinational corporations (Mocciaro, Destri, Picone Min, 2012: 94). Large companies have the complex organisational structure that means that they have multiple costs which are not directly related to the production process or to specific products. As a result, companies have difficulties with the adequate assessment of their costs and, therefore, costs of specific products.At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that, if companies cannot define accurately the costs of the particular product, including indirect costs, they cannot set absolutely fair price. In other words, companies may set either too high price that would be unfair in relation to customers and put the companies into a disadvantageous position compared to rivals, who may sell the similar product at the lower price. Or, on the contrary, companies may set the price at the too low level. In such a case, sales of the product will not cover the costs of its production, including indirect costs, to the full extent. As a result, the company will suffer financial losses and deteriorate its marketing position in a long-run perspective.However, critics of the ABC method of accounting (Sapp, Crawford Rebishcke, 1990: 1223) argue that it is not always possible to assign certain costs to specific products. For instance, it may be difficult to trace the correlation between managerial costs and a particular product manufactured by the company. In fact, if a company cannot trace accurately the correlation between specific activities and their co sts and relate them indirectly to the costs of specific products, the company may face difficulties with the adequate and accurate assessment of the costs of production and specific products (Drucker, 2009: 129). In such a situation, companies face the high risk of errors in the course of the accounting based on the use of the ABC method. As a result, many companies prefer other methods, including traditional ones, to calculate their costs and conduct their accounting, being uncertain in the reliability of the ABC method.Therefore, being good in its intention to reveal the close correlation between costs, activities and products, the ABC method is still imperfect and the criticism of this method is, to a significant extent reasonable. In this respect, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that errors in accounting may be intentional and unintentional. In this regard, the ABC creates the risk of the emergence of intentional errors in accounting, when companies want to increas e or decrease their costs pursuing their business goals, for instance, to attract investors. Moreover, top executives of companies may manipulate with accounting using the complexity of the ABC assessment of indirect costs of specific products. As a result, such top executives can create schemes with the help of which they can increase or decrease indirect costs to hide substantial financial losses of their company, for instance. In such a way, drawbacks of the ABC can create the ground for manipulations and intentional errors in accounting. At the same time, there is a risk of unintentional errors in accounting, when companies just fail to assess accurately indirect costs of products and correlate them to diverse activities conducted within the companies.On the other hand, the criticism of the ABC method does not necessarily mean that this method cannot or should not be applied successfully. On the contrary, today, the ABC method has become particularly popular in the manufacturing sector, where it is easier to trace the direct relationship between costs, activities and specific products manufactured. In actuality, many companies operating in the manufacturing sector use the ABC successfully and conduct the accurate assessment of indirect costs of their products. The popularity of the ABC method in the manufacturing sector is the result of the specificity of the manufacturing sector and the ABC method. To put it more precisely, the manufacturing sectors involves activities which are all directed at the production process. As a result, the assessment of costs of those activities almost always lead to the revelation of indirect costs of specific products because there are no alternative activities that are not related somehow to the production process and to the manufacturing of the specific product.At the same time, limitations of the ABC method prevent its wide use in the service sector and some other sectors, where it is difficult to trace the direct correla tion between specific activities, their costs and services or products provided by the company for customers (Velmurugan, 2010: 12). The unwillingness of companies operating in the service sector to use the ABC method is also the result of the specificity of the sector and the ABC method. Unlike the manufacturing sector, the service sector cannot always provide accountants with the accurate information on various activities performed by companies which are directly or indirectly related to the costs of particular products. As a result, accountants face difficulties with the identification of all indirect costs and all activities related to the production of specific services or products. In such a way, companies operating in the service sector and some other sectors prefer refusing from the ABC and using traditional methods of accounting to ensure the high accuracy of accounting and prevent the risk of errors.Thus, the activity based costing is an effective and popular method of acc ounting, which though cannot always be applied successfully. In actuality, the ABC method is very popular in the manufacturing sector but companies operating in the service sector, for instance, prefer using traditional methods instead of the ABC because they consider those methods more reliable. Such disparity in the use of the ABC in different sectors is the result of the specificity of the accounting method because the ABC method focuses on the analysis of indirect costs of products through analysis of costs of activities performed by the company which are directly or indirectly related to specific products. The more difficult it is to trace such correlation the less accurate the ABC method becomes. In the manufacturing sector it is easier to trace such correlation compared to the service sector, for instance. Hence, the ABC method is popular in this sector.

HULSE CHRISTMAS WAR LETTER ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

HULSE CHRISTMAS WAR LETTER ANALYSIS - Essay Example The bullet use of the regiment was fatal and meant to kill all the targets. However, the emissaries were excited about how hearing the plans of Hamilton and his military men. The army was informed that Russia had developed better artillery than they had, but they did not relinquish. The English men were defeated by Hamilton’s army. However, Hamilton men disobeyed his orders and pursued their goals concerning the war. This situation compromised the authority of Hamilton, who was their commander. This notwithstanding, Hamilton managed to convince his group to obey his orders and retreat to launch a comprehensive attack on the German and the French troops to the trench. He ensured that his troops did not constitute of French and Germans given that the two groups were the main foes of Hamilton troops. Hamilton had to gather information on the German and the French. In this regard, he puts under siege two nationals of the two nations. He sought all the information he required. The opposing group was also composed of the 37th and 158th regiments2. The weather favored Hamilton, and the environment was serene and peaceful. The weather enhances their attack. The Germans sent an emissary to remind the English army that the Christmas was a crucial day and that the two nations should not engage in animosities. In fact, the emissary brought some rum drink to share with the officials of the great army in order to call a truce. Hamilton and his team stayed in the trenches during the entire period of the war. The army took their meals in the trenches. There were demonstrations in front of the Coy, which made Hamilton and his men in keeping vigil of the place. According to Westrow Hulse, Hamilton and his men were engaged in a burial exercise of 29 people3. The belongings of the late military men were collected by Giles and kept safely. Hamilton’s me n ordered their foes to release the men they captured in order to consider ending the devastating war between t two